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(No Model.) I 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

.A. B. TAVERNIER. ENGINE 0R MOTOR OPERATED BY'EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES.

N0.'428,764. PatentedMay 27, 1890.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

, A. E. TAVERNIER. ENGINE 0R MOTOR OPERATED BY EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES.

' No. 428,764. Patented May 27, 1890.

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

A. E. TAVERNIER. ENGINE 0R MOTOR OPERATED BY EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES.

No. 428,764. Patented May 27, 1890.

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(NovModeL) 4 SheetsSh'eet 4.

A. E. TAVERNIER. .ENGINE OR MOTOR OPERATED BY EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES.

No. 428,764. Patented May 27, 1890.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALPI-IONSE EDOUARD TAVERNIER, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

ENGINE OR MOTOR OPERATED BY EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 428,764, dated May 27,1890.

A lication filed March 21,

1890. Serial No. 344,723. (No model.) Patented in England January 29,1889, No. 1,603, and in France August 29, 1889, No. 200,482

To all whom it may concerra Be it known that I, ALPHONSE'EDOUARDTAVERNIER, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at London,England, have invented new and useful Improvements in Engines or MotorsOperated by Explosive Mixtures, (for part of which I have obtained apatent in Great Britain, No. 1,603, dated January 29, 1889, and a patentin France, No. 200,482, dated August 29, 1889,) of which the followingis a specification.

My invention relates to engines or motors to be worked by explosivemixtures of, say, hydrocarbon vapor and air, and has for its chiefobjects to provide means for preventing the interior of the cylinders ofsuch engines from becoming coated with carbon, whereby I am enabled toemploy crude petroleum for the formation of the explosive mixture and toobtain an effective cooling of the cylinder and piston with the leastpossible expenditure of water.

To enable my invention to be fully understood, I will proceed todescribe the same by reference to the accompanying drawings, in whichFigure 1 is a vertical section of my improved motor, and Fig. 2 is aplan. Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 show details of certain parts of themotor. Fig. 10 is a horizontal section of the motor. Figs. 11 to 23 areviews of other details.

a is the frame or bed-plate, on which is fixed a cylinder 1), having atits ends two explosionchambers 1) b 0 is the piston fixed to a rod 0',which passes through a stufiing-box b and is fixed to a block orcross-head d, sliding in guides d d on the table 6, projecting from thebed-plate a. On the said bed-plate are fixed or formed twoplumber-blocks a a, in which is mounted the crank-shaft f, which has thetwo cranks f f, and to which are secured two fly-wheels f f, abevel-wheel f which transmits motion to the governor, hereinafterdescribed, and a second bevel-wheel j, which rotates the wheel f and theinclined shaft f. The block or cross-head (Z is connected to the cranksf f by two connecting-rods g g.

The cylinder 1) is surrounded by a jacket h,

on which is fixed a 'lubricator h, which by means of the tubes 7L2supplies the valveboxes 7L3 h with oil drop by drop. Each of the boxes h7L3 contains a valve h, which opens toward the interior of thecylinder 1) and is held closed by a spring 71 Each explosion-chamber b bhas formed integral with it, as shown most clearly in Fig. 3, two smallcylinders 2' i, in which are located valves 3' j. The cover 2' of thecylinders 't' t" has formed upon it two small cylinders t and which fitinto the cylinders 2' e" and form seats for the valves j j. The valves jserve for the exhaustion of the gases resulting from the combustion inthe cylinder 1), and the valves j serve for the admission of thevaporized petroleum and air for the explosive mixture.v The said valvesj j are operated through the medium of rods j j passing through guides j7' in their respective cylinders. Springs 7' always tend to keep thevalves j closed, and stuffing-boxes surround their rods to insuretightness. Springs are also used to close the valves j, but they areplaced beneath the cylinders t. To the rods j j in the chamber 1) arefixed stirrups k, which carry rollers 70', the raising of which by cams,as hereinafter described, causes the opening of the valves jj'. One ofthe stirrups 7a, with the roller 7c therein, is shown in side and endView in Figs. 8 and 9, respectively. The extent to which each valve isopened can be regulated by means of a nut k on the screw-threaded end ofeach of the rods j 3' A junction-pipe k is formed upon each of thecylinders c' and adapted for the attachment of a pipe 7c, connected topassages k in the bed-plate, through which passages the products ofcombustion can be exhausted, as shown most clearly in Figs. 4: and 10.Passages is in the bed-plate a, serve for the passage of air to thecylinder, as hereinafter described.

Within each of the small cylinders i is a tube Z, bent to an annularform and pierced with small holes, as shown in the drawings, 5

of which are formed guides on, in which is a slide on having an openingm formed therein, which opening by moving the slide can be regulated tocontrol the supply of air passing therethrough. A small opening m in theside of each tube on communicates through a cock and tube (not shown inthe drawings) with a carburetor, hereinafter described.

The stirrups 7t and rollers are only used with the cylinders '1 of theexplosion-chamber Z), as hereinbefore described. In theexplosion-chamberl) the rodsj j are jointed to rods n n, which areactuated by levers n a, pivoted at 01 22?. These levers n 71., one ofwhich is shown detached at Figs. if. and 13, carry rollers 72? 92 whichrest against cams, hereinafter described, the said cams serving to openand close the valves j andj in the chamber 11 through the medium of thelevers n a and rods 91 72.

Inside the motor is a horizontal shaft 0, turning in two plumber-blocks,Fig. 10, which shaft 0 is driven by bevel-gearing 0" o from the inclinedshaft f The shaft 0 carries two cams 1), Figs. 10 and 11. The rollers a'n" on the levers 97/12, Figs. 10, 12, and 13, are below the cams p p,whence it results that during the rotation of the said cams projectionsthereon act to depress the levers n H, whereby the valvesjj of thecylinders i i of the chamber 11 are opened. \Vhen these cam projectionscease to act, the rollers 92 12 bear against the circular portion of thebody of the said cams under the action of springs, thereby closing thevalves jj. The shaft 0 also carries two cam-wheels p p, which are of thesame shape as the cams p 1). These two cams p 19 act upon the rollers It7;, carried in the stirrups 7.1, and effect the opening of the valves jjin the chamber Z1. It will thus be seen that the cams on the shaft 0serve to control the valves of the motor.

- The petroleum for forming the explosive mixture in my motor issupplied to the cylinder in a state of vapor. For this purpose thepetroleum in the liquid state is fed by a pump into the jacket h of thecylinder Z), where, in consequence of the heat generated by theexplosions, it is vaporized, the vapor being delivered by means of theannular tubes 7, Fig. 3, into the small cylinders i" z". The vaporgenerated in the jacket 7t passes into a chamber q, Figs. 1 and 14,through the tube q, Fig. 1, and thence apart of it through tubes 1 g tovalve-chambers hereinafter described, while the remainder, if any,passes to a condenser. The chamber (1 is divided into two compartments qq, Fig. 14, by a partition q, in which is a valve q, acted upon by aspring (f, the pressure of which is regulated by a nut (1 This valveisso regulated that when the pressure in the upper compartment rises abovea given point the said valve will open and allow the excess of vapor topass into the lower compartment q, whence it passes through a tube q" tothe coil or worm g of the condenser r, whence the condensed petroleumpasses through a tube q, Figs. 10 and 14, to the petroleum-supply tank.The box of the condenser is divided into two parts, each of whichcontains aportion of the spirals of the coil or worm One part of thesaid box has an opening communicating with the atmosphere, and is alsoin communication with the passages 70, hereinbefore' mentioned, whichextend to the sockets m, provided with the slides m whence it resultsthat the air for the formation of the explosive mixture is drawn inthrough this part of the box, whereby it is caused to pass over thecoils of the condenser therein, and is thereby heated. The other part ofthe said box 0011- tains water, which enters through the tube (1 andpasses oif through the tube The portion of the petroleum-vapor necessaryfor the explosive mixture is fed to two valve-chambers s 5-, Figs. 10and 15, as hereinbeforc mentioned, through the tubes g (1 Each of thesevalve-chambers is constructed with a solid cover, through which passes arod 8, fixed to a movable diaphragm s and terminated by a valve .9 whichcontrols the communication between the chamber 5' and an auxiliarychamber .9". A spring in the auxiliary chamber 5" serves to insure theclosing of this valve 5 \Vith this construction, if the end of the rod sbe pushed, it will, by reason of the elasticity of the diaphragm 3 whichis preferably com posed of corrugated sheet-copper, open the valve 8,and on the removal of the pressure the valve will be closed by thespring. The petroleum-vapor enters the auxiliary chamber of thevalvechamber 5 through the pipe as hercinbcfore stated, and leavesthrough the tube 5", which communicates with the annular pipes Z in thecylinders 'i'.

The motor has a governor t, Fig. 2,0peratcd by two bevel'whcelsf and t.The balls in moving outward under the centrifugal action operate toraise one end of a lever t and to depress the other cnd,which, acting ona rod i causes it to descend. This rod is connected by a cross-bar l"with two levers If t", Figs. 10 and 16, having their fulcrums on theshaft 0. These lovers 1'. t at theirfree ends carry guidesockets 15 6Figs. 10 and 17, in which slide rods i 1' These rods are caused toreciprocate in their guide-sockets t t by the camwheels 1 I", Figs. 10and 18,011 the shaft 0 acting on rollers 1 Figs. 10 and 19, carried onthe sliding pieces 1, Figs. 10 and 20, connected by rods 2', Figs-1O and2], with the slide-rods if i The connecting-rods slide in sockets Solong as the governor is running at a normal speed the position of thelevers t i will not be aifected,so that the sockets f t will support theslide-rods 1 11 in such a position that they will be caused to impingeagainst the rods .5" to open the valves and admit petroleum-vapor to thecylinders. If, however, the governor running above a normal speed, therod 1 is lowered, so that the ends of the levers carrying theguide-sockets ITO t are raised, whereby the slide-rods t t are preventedfrom impinging against the rods 8', so that the supply ofpetroleum-vapor to the motor is prevented.

The ignition of the charges in the cylinder is effected by means ofelectricity, and 'to accomplish this I fix a wheel 11., Figs. 10 and 22,having cam projections, Fig. 23, thereon for operating levers a of, Fig.10,which close and open the contacts a a for completing and breaking theelectric circuits of the two lighters to, fixed on the chests 1) b Thesetwo ignitors w, Fig. 3, are each constructed of two platinum wirespassing through an insulated body and communicating with the two polesof a source of electricity by means of the said contacts. They areinclosed in a small cylinder screwed on the explosionchambers. Thecommutator or contacts may be of ordinary construction.

A carburetor 'U, Fig. 10, is arranged within the bed or frame of theengine and communicates by means of tubes with the openings on" 'm ofthe cylinders i i, Fig. 5. This carburetor ,which is to contain volatilehydrocarbons, serves for starting and working the motor until thecylinder is sufficiently hot to vaporize the petroleum in the jacket h,after which the motor can be worked under normal conditions.

To start the motor the slides m are closed and the passages m areopened. The crankshaft is then turned to draw in a charge'of 'carburetedair from the carburetor and to compress this charge in, say, the chamber1), the said charge being then ignited to drive the piston forward.During the compression in the chamber 1), however, a charge ofcarburetecl air is drawn into the chamber b and during the subsequentexplosion of the first charge the piston compresses the second charge inthe said chamber b When the explosion of the second charge takes place,the valve j of the chamber 1) being open, the gaseous products of thefirst combustion are driven out through its tube k. The momentum of thefly-wheels then moves the piston toward the chamber b driving theproducts of combustion caused by the second explosion out through theother tube and at the same time drawing in a fresh charge of carburetedair into the chamber 1) and the cylinder b, which charge is compressedon the next stroke and the cycle of operations again repeated.

Before starting the motor care should be taken that the jacket 71contains a suitable quantity of petroleum for vaporization as soon asthe heat is sufficient. When a pressure-gage placed on the machineindicates that the pressure in the jacket is sufficient, the passages m,Fig. 5, are closed and the slide m is opened, as well as a cock, whichplaces the valve-box q in communication with the jacket.

Each time each valve 8 Fig. 15, is opened during the operation of themotor, petroleum vapor issues through the small openings of thecorresponding annular distributer Z, Fig. 3. The position of the cams onthe shaft 0 must be so regulated that the various openings may beuncovered at the proper time. that is to say, when one of the valves 8is open the corresponding valve 3" must also be open, so that at theinward stroke of the piston air will enter through the opening m and thecylinder will be supplied with an explosive mixture composed ofpetroleum vapor and air. This mixture, the proportions of which areregulated by suitable cocks, with which the petroleum vapor pipes areprovided, and by the position of the slides 111 will be very intimate,the air being compelled to pass through the center of the distributer Zand to carry the vapor with itinto the cylinder. This mixture iscompressed on the return-stroke of the piston and ignited by one of thelighters a by means of the electric contact. The products of combustionare then driven from the cylinder through one of the valves j by thereturn of the piston, and'afterward the cylinder is again supplied withthe explosive mixture. Both chambers of the cylinder operate in the sameway, but alternately that is to say, the explosion takes place in onechamber While the other chamber is being supplied, and so on.

The cooling of the cylinder is effected by the vaporization of petroleumin the jacket, it being well known that to effect vaporization a certainnumber of units of heat are absorbed;- but the vaporization of thequantity of petroleum necessary for the working of the engine isinsufficient to effect this cooling, and in order to obtain a propercooling I therefore inject into and vaporize in the jacket a largerquantity of liquid'than is required for the explosive mixture. Then thepressure increases sufficiently, owing to the rise of temperature, itovercomes the resistance of the valve q in the valve-box q, Fig. 14, andopens the same. The excess of vapor then enters the compartment (1 andpasses into the worm (1 traversing the two chambers of the box of thecondenser a", whence it issues in a condensed state through the tube qand is returned to the petroleum-reservoir of the motor.

By regulating the resistance of the spring g by means of the nut (1 itis obvious that the pressure in the jacket can be regulated, andconsequently the temperature of the cylinder. The cooling of the coilsof the condenser is effected in two ways. As he'reinbefore stated, thebox of the condenser is divided into two parts, one of which is incommunication with the cylinder through the openings m Fig. 5, so thatduring the inspiration-strokes of the motor air is caused to passthrough the box and over the coil contained therein, which thereby ispartly cooled. The other part of the condenser 0* contains water, ashereinbefore stated, which is sup plied by the tube the tube q.

The petroleum is fed from the reservoir into the jacket 7L to replacethe quantity of petroleum vaporized by a pump worked by the engine.

The motor, as will be seen by reference to Fig. 2, has itsconnecting-rod connected with the piston-rod at the end of the cylindermost remote from the crank-shaft, in order that it may occupy as littlespace as possible. My invention is also characterized by the fact thatthe petroleum serves as the combustible part of the explosive mixture,and at the same time as the cooling agent for the cylinder. \Vith myinvention also the residues which usually result from the vaporizationof potroleum are prevented from depositing in the cylinder in the formof carbon, as, the vaporization being effected in the jacket, theresidues are deposited in it, and are removed from the cylinder fromtime to time by removing the stopper w. The mixture of the petroleumvapor with air gives a better and more intimate molecular intermixturethan heretofore, and thus considerably aids ignition, and at.

q and passes oif through the same time effects great economy in theconsumption of petroleum. The air serving for the explosive mixtures isalso heated by passing over the condenser, whereby a proportion of theheat which would otherwise be lost is utilized.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my saidinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare thatwhat I claim is- In a petroleum-engine, the combination of a cylinderhaving a jacket in which the petroleum is vaporized with a valve-box forregulating the pressure in this jacket, and a condenser serving tocondense the excess of vapor generated, and at the same time to heat theair which feeds the explosive mixture of the motor, substantially asdescribed.

ALPHONSE EDOUARD TAVERNIER. Witnesses:

JOHN E. BONSFIELD,

Of the firm of G. F. Redfcrn d2 00., 4 South Sir-eel, Finsbury, London,England, Patent Agents.

W. O. BROKENSHIRE.

